Unsightly veins that appear just below the surface of the skin, often on the legs and feet can be varicose veins. Varicose veins are caused by pressure from walking and standing. They are the result of faulty valves within the veins. The venous system consists of arteries that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the systems of the body and to the limbs; and veins that return the blood to the heart after the oxygen has been used by the body. Because the blood being returned from the lower extremities must act against gravity in its return to the heart, the muscle contractions in the lower extremities works as pumps to assist in this return. Additionally, the veins contain numerous one way valves that prevent the blood from returning to the lower extremities. These valves act as check valves and when they fail, they cause varicose veins because they allow the blood to pool in the veins instead of returning to the heart.
Symptoms of varicose veins include: bulging and twisted veins visible below the skin, dark purple or blue veins, achy legs, and muscle cramping. Complications include blood clots and ulcers caused by long term build up of fluid around the problem area. Patients may seek treatment simply for cosmetic reasons in an effort to remove the unsightly blemishes. They may also seek treatment when they are unable to self-manage the condition through exercise, elevation of the legs, or treatment with compression stockings. Varicose veins can often be treated through minimally invasive surgical and laser procedures.